Digital rights, whether considered an extension of human rights or an independent right, are gaining significant prominence, especially with rapid advances in technology worldwide. Today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape in developing and developed nations means that protecting and promoting these valuable rights has become significant to promoting democracy,
human rights, and the rule of law. As Nigeria’s digital economy continues to expand with several initiatives to improve its internet and broadband penetration, the challenges in protecting and
promoting digital rights, such as the right to privacy and data protection, freedom of expression, access to information, and protection against surveillance, continue to expand. The country must
now find a way to ensure adequate protection of these rights, especially considering that online human rights should be given as much prominence as offline to safeguard democracy.

This report critically evaluates the necessity and urgency of developing a National Action Plan on Digital Rights in Nigeria. The report emerged against the backdrop of the challenges encountered in coming up with a binding legislation, such as the Digital Rights and Freedom Bill, which was refused assent by the President for reasons. Therefore, the essence of this study is to assess the necessity and feasibility of a National Action Plan and evaluate current legal and institutional frameworks, identify key gaps, examine global best practices, and engage with the lived experiences of citizens and key stakeholders on the issues.